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Hypatia invented a hydrometer (which measures fluid density) and a variation of a plane astrolabe (which was used in her day to track the motion of the sun, planets, and stars). She lived from 370 AD to 415 AD and taught science and mathematics in Alexandria, Egypt. She is one of the few bright and innovative women whose existence has been preserved through historical accounts, although this is largely due to her violent murder by monks. An account of her appears in Hypatia's Heritage: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century by Margaret Alic. A picture of her, based on the picture in that book, appears on the cover of The Creative Problem Solver's Toolbox as a reminder that women also innovate.
Albert Einstein created an understanding of how light, mass, motion, time, distance, and gravity interact with one another in
the form of the specialized theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity. He created the famous equation E=mc2, which indicates how much energy is created when a substance is completely converted into energy. He explained the principle behind the photoelectric effect. A brilliant and creative thinker.
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Albert Einstein
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Einstein & Hypatia